Introduction
The East African Community (EAC) has become one of Africa’s most economically dynamic regions, yet disparities in economic growth persist among member states. According to the latest International Monetary Fund (IMF) data (February 10, 2025), GDP per capita across EAC countries varies significantly, revealing the economic strengths and weaknesses of each nation.
Breaking Down the Numbers: GDP Per Capita in EAC Countries (2025)
The list below presents the projected GDP per capita (in USD) for EAC countries in 2025:
CountryGDP Per Capita (USD):
Kenya $2,187
Uganda $1,304
Tanzania $1,272
Rwanda $990
Somalia $819
DR Congo $744
South Sudan $334
Burundi $156
These numbers offer critical insights into the economic realities of each country. Below, we analyze what they mean for growth, investment, and policy-making.
Kenya: The Economic Leader of EAC
With a GDP per capita of $2,187, Kenya continues to dominate the EAC economically. This performance is driven by a diversified economy, including strong contributions from technology (Silicon Savannah), financial services, manufacturing, and agriculture. The stability of the Kenyan shilling, improved infrastructure, and a vibrant entrepreneurial culture also contribute to its economic resilience.
Uganda and Tanzania: Emerging Economic Giants
Uganda ($1,304) and Tanzania ($1,272) follow closely, showing steady economic growth. Uganda's rise is influenced by oil discoveries and infrastructure expansion, while Tanzania benefits from strong tourism, mining, and trade policies. Both nations are set to become regional economic hubs if they maintain their current growth trajectories.
Rwanda: Economic Transformation but Challenges Remain
Rwanda, with a GDP per capita of $990, is recognized for its business-friendly policies, efficient governance, and investment incentives. However, despite these strides, it still lags behind Uganda and Tanzania. Rwanda’s small market size, landlocked geography, and dependence on service industries limit its GDP per capita growth, requiring stronger industrialization and regional trade integration.
DR Congo and Somalia: Untapped Potential
With $744 for DRC and $819 for Somalia, both nations have massive economic potential but remain constrained by political instability, weak financial institutions, and infrastructure deficits. The DRC, rich in minerals like cobalt and copper, could become a major player in global supply chains if governance and economic reforms are improved. Somalia’s GDP per capita is recovering thanks to increased trade, remittances, and investment in fisheries and telecommunications.
South Sudan and Burundi: The Struggle Continues
South Sudan ($334) and Burundi ($156) remain the poorest EAC nations in per capita terms. Both countries face political instability, weak governance, and overreliance on agriculture with limited industrial development. South Sudan’s economy is heavily dependent on oil exports, but internal conflicts and external debts hinder growth. Burundi, with the lowest GDP per capita, needs urgent economic diversification and investment in infrastructure to improve living standards.
What These Numbers Mean for EAC's Future
Bridging Economic Disparities
The gap between Kenya and Burundi is vast (Kenya's GDP per capita is 14 times larger).
Regional policies should focus on inclusive growth, ensuring that smaller economies receive investment in infrastructure, education, and technology.
The Role of Trade and Investment
EAC member states need to strengthen intra-regional trade through the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
More foreign direct investment (FDI) is necessary in weaker economies like South Sudan and Burundi.
Infrastructure and Industrialization
Countries like Rwanda and Uganda must increase industrial output to sustain long-term growth.
Energy, transportation, and digital connectivity must be prioritized for economic expansion.
Conclusion
The 2025 GDP per capita projections underscore the varying economic landscapes of EAC nations. While Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania lead in economic performance, countries like Rwanda and DRC are making steady progress. However, South Sudan and Burundi still face significant challenges that require targeted policy interventions.
For EAC to achieve economic prosperity, countries must collaborate on trade, industrialization, and policy harmonization. The coming years will be crucial in shaping a more balanced and integrated regional economy.